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Freight Trains of the Past

As World War II drew to a close, North American railroads had little time to reflect on their contribution to winning the fight in Europe and in the Pacific; they had been Americas' single most important industrial asset. Day and night, freight trains had hauled all-types of military weaponry, munitions, equipment and the supplies needed to fight in different parts of the world. Ninety-five percent of all freight in the United States during the war years rode on flanged wheels. Additionally, railroads faced serious challenges in the form of aging, weary steam locomoves, out-moded freight equipment, intensified truck competition, and an airline industry seeking non-traditional forms of revenue.

Faced with those challenges, the Great Northern railroad (as did other railroads) lost no time in shedding military fatigues and redirecting its energy towards expanding and streamling its freight operations. GN invested heavily in new EMD-built diesel freight locomotives, rolling stock and equipment designed specifically to meet customer needs. Their customer-oriented focus led to dedicated freight service with improved train running schedules, such as the "Seattle Fast Freight" - Train #98 (above); it was one of the first (after the Cotton Belt) to adopt a less-than-carload (LCL) strategy. (Matt Petersen collection)

Union Pacific's - "Daily Livestock Special" Train #299

In the closing months of 1947, Union Pacific took delivery of sixteen A-B-A sets of freight cab units built by the American Locomotive Company (Alco). UP which had been totally committed to a dieselization program put the new 4500-hp FA sets quickly to work on the rugged Los Angeles & Salt Lake line. Their assignment was the tightly scheduled Train #299 - the Daily Livestock express which had been dubbed jokingly "hamtrack" by some UP train crews.

The DLS assignment lasted approximately two and one-half years before giving way to comparable Electro-Motive Division-built freight cabs. The demotion became necessary when the re-numbered 1600 series FA/FB units developed various mechanical ailments, such as crankshaft failures and blown turbo-chargers. The Alcos were transferred to the railroad's eastern division which had a much gentler profile and was closer to the main shops. (Uniom Pacific publicity photo / R. Craig collection)

St. Louis-Southwestern's - "Memphis Blue Streak Merchandizer"

By 1960, very few U.S. railroads could brag of 70-mile-per hour freight trains - but, the St.Louis Southwestern (more commonly known as the Cotton Belt ) was an exception. It was not uncommon for the railroad's "Memphis Blue Streak Merchandise" to clock chart-toping speeds between Hearne, Texas and Corsicana, Illinois during the train's 420-mile run to Dallas, Texas.

Marketed from the get-go in the late 1930s as a less-than-carload service, the Cotton Belt train met with substantial success which let to the route being extended in 1946, jointly with parent Southern Pacific, all the way to Los Angles. To keep pace with a growing customer base in the 1960s, a second and third section of the train were added. It was about this time that intermodal business was becoming a major component of the railroad's traffic base. (Andy Romano photo-art)

Atchison Topeka & Santa Fe's - "SWG"

Post World War II railroading on the ATSF was in a state of transition. It began in 1940 with the arrival of the first EMD-built bulldog nose FTs, and it lasted another 14 years before the last vestiges of 2-8-2, 2-10-2 and 2-10-4 freight power were replaced system wide. The F-unit's (FT, F3 and F7) lower operating and maintenance costs, along with flexibility put the locomotive squarely on the point of most ATSF mainline freights.

One of the hottest assignments on the ATSF was the "SWG" which carried all types of tonnage between southern California and Seattle in the Pacific Northwest. The letters SWG stood for Santa Fe, Western Pacific and Great Northern. During the early 1940s, the SWG was powered by solid blocks of FTs. (Ralph Lettilier photo / Alan Miller collection)

Rock Island's - Denver Rocket Freight

The post World War II years were one of the few periods that the perenially financially stressed Chicago Rock Island & Pacific operated in the black prior to its in 1980 demise. It was a revitalized spirit that drove the Rock Island to the purchase its first diesel-electric freight power came from the EMD plant on 55th Street located on Chicago area's far west-side and helped the rail line capitalize on the advantages of diesel technology.

Attired in a distinctive looking red and black livery, the new EMD and Alco units units were initially assigned to "Rocket Freight" service between the Twin Cities and Texas, as well as, Chicago and western points. With a growing stable of diesels, the 7600-mile Rock began to witness significant increases in freight tonnage, schedule improvements, and greater locomotive flexibility. Just the kind of medicine the railroad needed to get temporarily healthier. (Clayton Tinkham photo / J. David Ingles collection)

Missouir Kansas Texas -- Freight Power Strategy

The 3200-mile Missouri Kansas Texas stretched from Kansas City and St. Louis in the north to San Antonio and Galveston, TX in the South. More commonly known as the Katy, the railroad had completely dieselized rail operations by the end of 1952 to include a roster of 168 locomotives, which represented 16 different models. The railroad's Alco and EMD cab units were the only locos delivered in a red and gray scheme with yellow nose treatment

The company's "sample everything on the menu" approach to motive power, netted an unusual assortment of diesel models from most of the major locomotive builders of the period, with the exception of Lima. They ranged from small 12-ton Whitcomb switchers to sleek long nose, 158-ton Alco-GE PAs. Although their smorgasbord approach gave track-side train watchers many hours of enjoyment, it cost the Katy big-time in later years in terms of excessive locomotive maintenance and major engine replacements. (MKT publicity photo)

New York Central's - PaceMaker Trains #BN-1/BN-2

In 1946, the New York Central resurrected two pre-World War II freight trains that previously provided overnight service between Buffalo and New York City. Rebranded as the "Pacemaker" in both directions, the two high-priority trains carried symbols BN-1 & NB-2. To aid in the promotion of the overnight service, a fleet of boxcars were custom painted in a red and gray livery and carried a "Pacemker" banner.

The resulting uptick in traffic led NYC to extend the overnight service during 1948 & 49 between major transportation corridors, such as Boston-New York, Detroit-Chicago, Cleveland-Indianapolis and Cincinatti-East St. Louis. Ten years later, the railroad introduced a new TOFC "Flexivan" service and the "Pacemaker" faded into history. (Photographer unknown ** / internet)

New Haven's - Maybrook to Cedar Hill Line

New Haven mangagers, influenced by the performance of their Alco-built DL-109 which during World War II pulled passenger trains in the day and moved freight at night, elected to dieselize freight operations over the Catskill Mountains with 15 new Alco A-B-B-A road sets. Prior to the arrival of the FAs, maximum tonnage for westbound steam-powered freight trains had been 2000 tons; the new diesels increased that rating to 3200 tons.

Additionally, the new diesels permitted NH management to run longer trains on faster schedules and at the same time eliminate the prior requirement for cost-intensive steam helpers on the line. These changes had a direct and positive impact on the railroad's financial position. (Thomas J. McNamara photograph).

Erie Railroad's - "Flyng Saucer" Trains #98 & 100

During the first four years following WWII, the progressive Erie Railroad spent $15 million towards the dieselization of its locomotive fleet. The purchases primarily focused on the acquisition of freight locomotives from both of the major builders of the period - FA-1s from Alco/GE and F3s from EMD. Units from builders Baldwin and Fairbanks-Morse came later.

From the railroad's 51st Street yard in Chicago to the shores of the Hudson River in New York, Erie's FAs drew all kinds of assignments; they could be found on high priority hot-shots, as well in general secondary service. The hottest of the hot were the eastbound "Flying Saucers" (NE-98 and NE-100), and Alco A-B-B-A sets were common sights on these LCL (Less-than Car Load) trains that carried a promise of second-day delivery in New Jersey. More than fifty percent of the revenue generated by the time-sensitive flyers, as well as their westbound counterparts, came from manufactured goods. (J. David Ingles photo)

Seaboard Air Line's - Freight Centipedes

Ink on the Japanese surrender documents ending World War II in September 1945 had barely dried when the Seaboard Air Line finalized the purchase of 14 new Baldwin freight cabs. The first of the Baldwin-built "centipedes" arrived late the following December. Driven by a pair of 1500-hp engines, the huge-looking Baldwins were not apt to set any speed records. They were selected to specifically haul heavy Florida produce trains to northern markets.

On a map, the railroad appeared relatively straight between Richmond, VA and its southern terminus in Miami; however it had to "bobb and weave" its way through the hills of the Carolinas and Virginia. The 12-axle road units none-the-less proved quite capable of handling the railroad's roller-coaster profile. After twelve years of dependable service on the SAL, the 91'-6" long giants were retired during the latter part of 1957. (photo by Cedric Cooper / J.R. Herron collection)


Acknowledgements:
  • The Santa Fe Diesel by Dr.Cinthia Priest
  • The Erie Railroad by David R Sweetland
  • New Haven Color Pictorial by David R Sweetland
  • Rock Island Diesel Locomotives by Lou Marre
  • Seaboard Air Line by Warren Calloway and Paul Withers
  • Union Pacific Salt Lake Route by Mark Hemphill
  • "Southern Pacific Farewell," Pacific Rail News (1996)
  • "Don Steffee's Annual Speed Survey" in Trains Magazine (various isssues).

  • Back issues of "Trains" magazine and "X2200 South," along with numerous websites

** Note: If you know the photographer's name, please let me know; I would like to assign proper credit.



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